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It is increasingly recognized that egg quality is of critical importance and women of advanced maternal age have eggs of reduced capacity for normal and successful fertilization. The sperm must provide the zygote with DNA, centrioles, and activation factor for the embryo to develop. Endometriosis is usually more common in women in their mid-twenties and older, especially when postponed childbirth has taken place.[55] Another major cause of infertility in women may be the inability to ovulate.

If a lack of sperm is suspected, surgery, hormones and assisted reproductive surgery can correct the problem. Lifetime prevalence of infertility and infertility treatment in the UK: results from a population-based survey of reproduction. However, this method is not particularly accurate. 18  If the semen analysis result is abnormal, further evaluation is indicated (Table 36–8,10,19,20).

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The production of anti-sperm antibodies by the woman’s immune system can interfere with fertilization. Large polyps or multiple polyps can impact fertility by interfering with the ability of embryo to implant and should be removed. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is another variation of IVF. The use of Epididymal and Testicular Sperm for ICSI. (PDF, 1 MB) From IX World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization and Alternated Assisted Reproduction, 1995. Hereditary causes: due to chromosome or genetic abnormalities. A systematic review of tests predicting ovarian reserve and IVF outcome.

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Gracia CR, Sammel MD, Coutifaris C, Guzick DS, Barnhart KT. This leads to increased androgen secretion from the adrenal gland, causing feedback inhibition of GnRH release from the hypothalamus.

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Known male factor semen abnormalities: If a male partner has a history of infertility with a prior partner, or if there are abnormalities on his semen analysis, then we advise earlier fertility evaluation, ideally within 6 months of attempting pregnancy. In most cases however, sperm function may not improve and therefore any attempts at pregnancy may require additional treatments or procedures performed by our clinic. On the other hand, excess weight can also create ovarian dysfunctions. These rates, of course, readjusted down for the older women with long durations of infertility [42]. Fertilization: the process that takes place in the fallopian tube, when sperm unites with the egg. A urinary LH kit is a practical way to monitor these patients. 2012;27(8):2396–2404.   Want to use this article elsewhere? Estimating the prevalence of infertility in Canada [published correction appears in Hum Reprod.