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Blood, urine, and imaging tests can be done to discover why you are having trouble getting pregnant. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1.

Intra-abdominal adhesion formation is a risk associated with both laparoscopic and open surgery and remains a significant, unresolved problem.[29] Adhesions are fibrous deposits that connect tissue to organ post surgery. Sertoli Cell only Revisited. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome [published corrections appear in J Obstet Gynaecol Can.

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Age, socio-economic, cultural and other environmental factors: Over the last few years, age has become the most common of these causes of infertility. Laparoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted into the abdomen and pelvis, allowing a doctor to look at the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries.

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Prolactin inhibits the production of GnRH from the hypothalamus and LH and FSH from the pituitary. Evaluating the Infertile Male – Part 1. (PDF, 5 MB) Contemporary OB/GYN, 2004. Especially in men, psychological explanations should be considered as they are frequently the cause of sexual dysfunctions. However, there are various scenarios where one may be advised to seek help earlier. Metformin (Glucophage) is another type of medication that may help you ovulate normally if you have insulin resistance or PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome).

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Sperm retrieval for azoospermia and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates – A personal overview. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Fertility, 2010. Transvaginal or abdominal paracentesis should be performed if the patient becomes uncomfortable. Online support from organizations such as Resolve can be helpful. 3) Insemination: Intrauterine insemination, also known as IUI, is a process by which sperm is washed and prepared for placement into the uterine cavity, therefore bypassing the cervix and bringing a higher concentration of motile sperm closer to the tubes and ovulated egg. Some people find that joining a support group helps, as it offers the chance to talk to others in a similar situation. If you’re concerned, it’s important to consult with your doctor.