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The Male-specific Region of the Human Y Chromsome is a Mosaic of Discrete Sequence Classes. (PDF, 754 KB) Nature, 2003. Large polyps or multiple polyps can impact fertility by interfering with the ability of embryo to implant and should be removed. Men should undergo evaluation with a semen analysis. The most common disorders impacting ovulation include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (from signaling problems in the brain), and ovarian insufficiency (from problems of the ovary). If too many embryos develop, one or more can be removed.

One type of ovulation problem, polycystic ovarian syndrome, is effectively treated with medications. Evaluation of the Female Partner: Evidence of Ovulation (Continued) Progesterone test. 2 This encompasses couples with infertility and impaired ability to get pregnant, but it does not capture those who are not married, so actual numbers may be underestimated. A majority of the results are in the normal range here which is why it is also called idiopathic sterility. The Effect of Female Age and Ovarian Reserve on Pregnancy Rate in Male Infertility: Treatment of Azoospermia with Sperm Retrieval and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 66 KB) Human Reproduction, 1997.

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Cystic fibrosis: This is a chronic disease that results in the creation of a sticky mucus. Many couples with infertility issues go on to have successful pregnancies. Exercise: Both too much and too little exercise can lead to fertility problems.

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That is why a continuous sonographic control and also lab-medical controls are made. Ideally, the test should be performed at least twice to confirm results. Treatment of the cause: 28. Tubal and uterine factors: 4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Today: A Personal Review. (PDF, 5 MB) Human Reproduction, 1998.

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As treatment begins, couples may experience cycles of optimism and despair with each passing menstrual cycle. If an endocrinopathy, such as hyperprolactinemia, is diagnosed, the underlying cause should be treated. In some cases, hormonal problems may be suspected if a man has abnormal hair growth, low libido, or other indications of sexual dysfunction. Additionally, surgery, radiation or chemotherapy to treat tumors can affect male fertility. Medical conditions Some medical conditions can affect fertility. About 25% of all infertility is caused by an ovulation disorder. 1,2 However, if your partner is 35 years old or over, you or your partner may be considered infertile if you haven’t conceived after 6 months of unprotected sex. Ultrastructure of Human Sperm in Men with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens: Clinical Implications. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1992. These include: Infrequent menstrual periods: When a woman has regular menstrual periods, defined as regular cycles occurring every 21 to 35 days, this almost always indicates that she ovulates regularly. Estrogen excess may be seen in patients with Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig tumors, liver failure, or severe obesity. Chronic conditions: These include AIDS or cancer. High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples. As part of the fertility evaluation, we will perform an HSG, a test designed to evaluate if the fallopian tubes are open. 6 The initial history should cover menstrual history, timing and frequency of intercourse, previous use of contraception, previous pregnancies and outcomes, pelvic infections, medication use, occupational exposures, substance abuse, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and previous surgery on reproductive organs. There are three types of fibroids: 1) subserosal, or fibroids that extend more than 50% outside of the uterus; 2) intramural, where the majority of the fibroid is within the muscle of the uterus without any indentation of the uterine cavity; and 3) submucosal, or fibroids the project into the uterine cavity. Understanding the normal reproductive process is essential in knowing when to seek help. Because 85% of couples conceive spontaneously within 12 months if having intercourse regularly,5 it is important to identify those who will benefit from infertility evaluation.