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Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions, generally no more than a centimeter, with the assistance of a laparoscope attached to a camera which projects to a screen. In 1901, Georg Kelling of Dresden, Germany, performed the first laparoscopic procedure in dogs, and, in 1910, Hans Christian Jacobaeus of Sweden performed the first laparoscopic operation in humans.[35] In the ensuing several decades, numerous individuals refined and popularized the approach further for laparoscopy. CASA measures the following parameters: Curvilinear velocity – The average distance per unit time between successive sperm positions) Straight-line velocity – The speed of forward direction Linearity – The straight-line velocity divided by the curvilinear velocity In addition, the program measures the average path velocity, the amplitude of lateral head displacement, and the flagellar beat frequency, and it is used to evaluate for evidence of hyperactivation. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

Patients present with oligospermia but have LH levels within the reference range. Fertility Evaluation: General and Sexual History A detailed history includes: General history  This includes occupation and background, use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs, earlier diseases, history of abdominal surgery and earlier infections. 40. Luteal phase support: - Should be offer luteal phase support with progesterone till 8 weeks of gestation. - Different form of progesterone with different routes of administration are available, RCT are taking place comparing efficacy of different forms. Generally, success rates lie between 40% and 60% per cycle. Although obesity is well known to be associated with insulin resistance, women with PCOS are even more resistant to insulin than other patients who are obese. Coutifaris C, Myers ER, Guzick DS, et al.; NICHD National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network. It is more successful in women who have previously been pregnant.

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Reason of Infertility in Female

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Successful Autotransplantation of an Intra-abdominal Testis to the Scrotum by Microvascular Technique. (PDF, 11 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1976. Surgical procedure to conserve the uterus for future pregnancy in patients suffering from massive adenomyosis.(PDF, 958 KB) Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2010. Regrettably, this often leads to untruly high expectations of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) [40].

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Vitrification of oocytes from endangered Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi). (PDF, 319 KB) Theriogenology, 2010. 8,45 Figure 1 provides an algorithmic approach to the evaluation of infertility.   Enlarge      Print Infertility Evaluation Figure 1. A doctor injects sperm directly into the egg in a dish and then places it into your uterus. Microsurgical Aspects of Varicocele. (PDF, 9 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1979. The risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancy is heightened; therefore, hMG should be started at the minimal dose (75 IU SC qd for 7 days).

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If ovulation does not occur with the 50-mg dose, the CC dose must be increased in subsequent cycles to 100 mg for 5 days. Reversal of Vasectomy and the Treatment of Male Infertility. (PDF, 4 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1981. The relation between daily activities and scrotal temperature. Unexplained Even after a full fertility work-up, for one in five couples an exact cause of infertility cannot be determined. Women with anovulation may be treated in the primary care setting with clomiphene to induce ovulation. The results of these tests help determine the best fertility treatment. Assisted conception The following methods are currently available for assisted conception. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate both partners when investigating infertility. Blood test: The lab will test for levels of testosterone and other hormones. Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disease and anemia may also affect fertility. 8 Counseling on lifestyle modifications is reasonable because exposures to tobacco and alcohol are associated with lower rates of fertility. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. If the sperm do not have the right shape, or they cannot travel rapidly and accurately towards the egg, conception may be difficult. This process has revolutionized assisted reproductive technology and the way reproductive endocrinologists can help people in having a baby. So, if you’re finding it difficult to have a baby, you’re not alone.


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