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Known uterine fibroids or endometrial polyps: Uterine abnormalities, such as fibroids that indent the endometrial cavity and endometrial polyps, can impair how the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) and embryo interact to lower implantation and pregnancy rates. Semen that is not initially a coagulum is often an indication of an ejaculatory duct obstruction or the absence of seminal vesicles. In GIFT, the sperm and eggs are mixed together before a doctor inserts them.

World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. KU School of Medicine Source : Are Twins An Adverse Outcome After Infertility Treatments? They may benefit from referral to a physician comfortable with prescribing pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or gonadotropins with luteinizing hormone activity to induce ovulation.

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Infertility Genetics

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A low testosterone level with a low FSH level signals a secondary cause. Passive smoking has also been linked to lower fertility. These high-tech and expensive male infertility treatments give sperm an artificial boost to get into an egg. Signs and Symptoms of Infertility Signs and symptoms of infertility are often related to other underlying conditions. Klinefelter�s Syndrome: Is a genetic condition in which each cell in the human body has an additional X chromosome--men with Klinefelter�s Syndrome have one Y and two X chromosomes.  Physical symptoms include peanut-sized testicles and enlarged breasts.  A chromosome analysis is used to confirm this analysis.  If this condition is treated in its early stages (with the drug hCG), sperm production may commence and/or improve.  However, Klinefelter�s Syndrome eventually causes all active testicular structures to atrophy.  Once testicular failure has occurred, improving fertility is impossible. Benefits of laparoscopy are especially the possibility to simultaneously remove adhesions in one session.

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It is found in approximately 10-50% of reproductive-aged women and can be associated with infertility as well as pain during intercourse and/or menstrual periods. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is toxic to actively dividing cells. Quantitative Analysis of Testicle Biopsy: Determination of Partial Obstruction and Prediction of Sperm Count after Surgery for Obstruction. (PDF, 4 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1981. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, can offer hope to many couples where treatment is available, although barriers exist in terms of medical coverage and affordability. In other cases, the cause is suspected to be immunological or genetic; it may be that each partner is independently fertile but the couple cannot conceive together without assistance. Vasoepididymostomy to the Head of the Epididymis: Recovery of Normal Spermatozoal Motility. (PDF, 3 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1980.

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Prevalence of Premature Ovarian Failure in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins. (PDF, 90 KB) Human Reproduction, 2007. Live Birth Following Day Surgery Reversal of Female Sterilisation in Women Older then 40 Year: A Realistic Option in Australia? (PDF, 156 KB) Medical Journal of Australia, 2007. Factors contributing to the formation of antisperm antibodies in women are disturbance of normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, infection, violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes, rape and unprotected oral or anal sex. Women with anovulation may be treated in the primary care setting with clomiphene to induce ovulation. The Use of Epididymal Sperm in Assisted Reproduction. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter from textbook, Frontiers in Endocrinology: Perspectives on Assisted Reproduction, 1994. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Pregnancy after Vasovasostomy for Vasectomy Reversal: A Study of Factors Followed for 10 Years. (PDF, 3 MB)Human Reproduction, 1989. LH mainly functions to stimulate testosterone secretion from the Leydig cells of the testicle, while FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to facilitate germ cell differentiation. Women in group III can conceive only with oocyte donation and in vitro fertilization. Treatment of the cause: 26. Ovulation disorders: (Hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea) - Women with ovulatory disorders due to hyperprolactinaemia should be offered treatment with dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine. - Consideration should be given to safety for use in pregnancy and minimising cost when prescribing.


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