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VITRIKAS, MD, David Grant Medical Center Family Medicine Residency, Travis Air Force Base, California Am Fam Physician. 2015 Mar 1;91(5):308-314.   Patient information: See related handout on infertility, written by the authors of this article.   Related letter: Natural Procreative Technology for Treating Infertility This clinical content conforms to AAFP criteria for continuing medical education (CME). Human menopausal gonadotropins Crowe discovered that the gonads were under the control of the anterior hypophysis. [175] Zondek and Aschheim discovered that FSH and LH were responsible for the development of the gonads in immature animals and confirmed Crowe's work. [135, 136] In the 1930s, ovulation induction was attempted by using gonadotropins from a mare, but its use was discontinued because of the development of antibodies. [176, 177] Borth et al demonstrated the effect of FSH and LH extracted from menopausal urine. [178, 179] Gemzell reported the first ovulation induction using human pituitary gonadotropin in 1958, and the first pregnancy was reported in 1960. [180, 181] Lunenfeld reported preliminary results using hMG; however, in 1963, it was definitely established as a real ovulation induction agent. [182, 183, 184] Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG [eg, Repronex, Menopur]) contains 75 U of FSH and 75 U of LH per mL, although the concentration may vary among batches (ranges from FSH at 60-90 U and LH at 60-120 U). It is important to tell a doctor if excessive mental and emotional stress develop. Additional risk factors may include smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and older age; however, the data are hampered by a lack of pregnancy-related outcomes. Successful Pregnancy and Delivery after Calcium Ionophore Oocyte Activation in a Normozoospermic Patient with Previous Failed Fertilization after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 57 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2003. 0 The reflection of malformations, dysplasia or hypoplasia of the uterus is possible with hysterosalpingoscopy.

Full history taking of both partners usually denotes the underlying problem [17-23], (Appendix 1). A treatment plan should be generated according to the diagnosis, duration of infertility, and the woman's age.

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Recent research carried out in Sweden covering stress markers in saliva demonstrated that patients who are stressed have a greater number of reproduction issues. Endometriosis can only be confirmed by surgery, usually laparoscopy. ARTICLES FROM THE 1990s Microsurgery, Andrology, and Its Role in IVF. (PDF, 6 MB) Chapter in text book, Advances in Assisted Reproductive Technology, 1990.

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To verify azoospermia, the semen should be centrifuged and evaluated under a light microscope for the presence of sperm. Obesity may also lead to less frequent ovulation or to less frequent intercourse, thereby contributing to fertility problems.

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This reduction division (ie, meiosis) results in a haploid chromosome number. 0 To assess the causative factors of sterility in a man, a semen analysis is performed. Ultrastructure of Human Sperm in Men with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens: Clinical Implications. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1992. Endocrine tests to check concentrations of the hormones testosterone, FSH and LH. RE: The Impalpable Testis: A Rational Approach to Management. (PDF, 389 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1979. Laparoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted into the abdomen and pelvis, allowing a doctor to look at the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability.[22] Causes[edit] Immune infertility[edit] Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.[23] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo. Asthenozoospermia refers to reduced sperm motility. Syndromes such as Klinefelter’s syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Kallmann’s syndrome, and Kartagener’s syndrome. In some cases, simply removing the submucosal fibroid solves infertility.