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That is why a complete build-up of the endometrial mucosa is not possible anymore. High Fertilization and Pregnancy Rate after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Spermatozoa Obtained from Testicle Biopsy. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995.

Luttjeboer F, Harada T, Hughes E, Johnson N, Lilford R, Mol BW. Ectopic pregnancy This is when a fertilized egg implants outside the womb, usually in a fallopian tube.

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Small or firm testicles that feel "tight" may be another sign of hormone issues. Possible problems could be that the egg is not released at the optimum time for fertilization, that it may not enter the fallopian tube, sperm may not be able to reach the egg, fertilization may fail to occur, transport of the zygote may be disturbed, or implantation fails. What’s on the Mind of IVF Consumers? (PDF, 627 KB) Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2009.

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Medicines and drugs Certain types of medicines can sometimes cause infertility problems. These and many other questions will help your physician design a specific evaluation and potential treatment for you. New Concepts in Operative Andrology: A Review. (PDF, 7 MB) International Journal of Andrology, 2000. A prolactin level of more than 150 mcg/L suggests a pituitary adenoma, while levels greater than 300 mcg/L are nearly diagnostic. Cystic Fibrosis and Infertility Caused by Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens and Related Clinical Entities. (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1996. 30–32 Other treatment options include antiestrogens and gonadotropin therapy, which showed a trend toward increased live birth rates in a Cochrane review.

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Egg donation. This can help you if you have ovaries that don't work right but you have a normal uterus. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The ovaries function abnormally and ovulation may not occur. If the egg does not travel, it can be harder to conceive naturally. Ovarian Transplantation in a Series of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Ovarian Failure. (PDF, 188 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2007. This is where no cause can be identified in either the woman or man. In collaboration with partners, CDC developed the National Public Health Action Plan for the Detection, Prevention, and Management of Infertility, which identifies opportunities to prevent and reduce infertility and improve outcomes for couples undergoing fertility treatment. Asthenozoospermia refers to reduced sperm motility. These may be purchased over the counter and allow couples to predict the most fertile days in the cycle. They rest on the basement membrane and serve mainly to support, nourish, and protect the developing germ cells and to provide a blood-testis barrier to provide a microenvironment that facilitates spermatogenesis and maintains the germ cells in an immunologically privileged location. Algorithm for infertility evaluation. (ART = assisted reproductive technology.) Lifestyle Factors Jump to section + All couples should be counseled to abstain from tobacco use, limit alcohol consumption, and aim for a body mass index less than 30 kg per m2 to improve their chances of natural conception or using assisted reproductive technology. Physical exam A directed physical exam that may include a pelvic ultrasound should be performed.