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Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Prescription drugs can be useful when treating infertility issues.

The HSG is usually scheduled between days 6 and 13 of the cycle - after bleeding and before ovulation. It has been proven useful in overcoming infertility conditions, such as blocked or damaged tubes, endometriosis, repeated IUI failure, unexplained infertility, poor ovarian reserve, poor or even nil sperm count. Worldwide, 8 to 12 percent of couples experience fertility problems. Kidney Transplantation in Inbred Rats. (PDF, 6 MB) The American Journal of Surgery, 1973.

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CI or intrauterine insemination is the treatment of choice if more than 2 million sperm are recovered after the sperm wash. (See Treatment of Cervical Factors). [106, 109] Patients whose reproductive tract, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels are determined to be normal or those who have low testosterone in the absence of any other hormonal abnormalities can be treated empirically with cycles of CC (25 mg PO qd for at least 6-12 mo). Human menopausal gonadotropins Crowe discovered that the gonads were under the control of the anterior hypophysis. [175] Zondek and Aschheim discovered that FSH and LH were responsible for the development of the gonads in immature animals and confirmed Crowe's work. [135, 136] In the 1930s, ovulation induction was attempted by using gonadotropins from a mare, but its use was discontinued because of the development of antibodies. [176, 177] Borth et al demonstrated the effect of FSH and LH extracted from menopausal urine. [178, 179] Gemzell reported the first ovulation induction using human pituitary gonadotropin in 1958, and the first pregnancy was reported in 1960. [180, 181] Lunenfeld reported preliminary results using hMG; however, in 1963, it was definitely established as a real ovulation induction agent. [182, 183, 184] Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG [eg, Repronex, Menopur]) contains 75 U of FSH and 75 U of LH per mL, although the concentration may vary among batches (ranges from FSH at 60-90 U and LH at 60-120 U). About half the women with hormonal imbalances do not produce enough follicles to ensure the development of an ovule, possibly due to poor hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus.

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Do you have any medical problems or prior surgeries? Women 35 and older should see their doctor after six months of trying. Causes in women Infertility in women can also have a range of causes.

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The urine specimen must be centrifuged immediately. Continued For some men, no male infertility treatments seem to help. This improves the chances that the embryo will implant at, or attach to, the wall of the uterus. To help objectify sperm morphology and therefore enhance the consistency and reproducibility among laboratories, Kruger introduced a definition of "strict criteria" in 1986. Treatment of the cause: Male Factor: (Liaise with the andrologist) 1. Judaism and Repoductive Technology. (PDF, 160 KB) 2003. Extra Renal Function in Patients with Duplication Anomaly: Obligatory and Compensatory Renal Growth. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1974. Microsurgery for Vasectomy Reversal and Vasoepididymostomy. (PDF, 13 MB) Urology, 1984. Intracytoplasmatic Sperm Injection (ICSI) An intracytoplasmatic sperm injection is also a form of artificial insemination. Various parameters are measured, such as ejaculate volume and sperm density, quality, motility, and morphology.