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The typical indication is the oligoasthenoteratozoospermia here. Causes of Female Infertility The following causes may lead to infertility in women: Pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes. These are both treatment options for microprolactinoma.

Erectile dysfunction, vaginismus (painful involuntary spasm of vagina preventing intercourse) and dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse) can explain involuntary childlessness in some couples. The sperm must provide the zygote with DNA, centrioles, and activation factor for the embryo to develop.

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Sperm retrieval for azoospermia and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates – A personal overview. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Fertility, 2010. As the rate of getting spontaneous pregnancy among infertile or subfertile couples is lower than that among normal fertile population, it is recommended to carry out the following diagnostic, evidence-based, work-up to detect any hidden treatable cause. There are four parameters analyzed: 1) semen volume – should be at least 1. Histologic endometrial dating is not considered reliable nor is it predictive of fertility. The ovulation induction agents used include clomiphene citrate, hMG, hCG, recombinant FSH, and recombinant LH.

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Estrogen excess may be seen in patients with Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig tumors, liver failure, or severe obesity. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Because cyclicity in queens is determined by photoperiod, lighting conditions should be appropriate for several months before congenital anestrus is diagnosed and exogenous hormones are administered. Male and female factors can exist in isolation or combination and fertility investigations, diagnoses and treatment should always be considered in the context of the couple.       Male factor Sperm problems will contribute to about 40% of infertility cases. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein plays a role in mesonephric duct development during early fetal life, so these patients may also have urinary tract abnormalities. This mucus mainly affects the lungs, but males may also have a missing or obstructed vas deferens.

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8  A normal sample according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines is described in Table 2. Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens: The Fertilizing Capacity of Human Epididymal Sperm. (PDF, 3 MB) New England Journal of Medicine, 1990. For those interested, we offer a free class entitled, “The Couple’s Guide to IVF”, that meets twice monthly and is open to the public. Testicular Transplantation and Autotransplantation. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 22 of textbook, Extracorporeal and Microvascular Surgery, 1982. Several studies have reported different causes of infertility [7-9]. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI.)A single sperm is injected through a tiny needle into an egg. 8,33,35,36 Lastly, in vitro fertilization, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, is the mainstay of assisted reproductive technology for male factor infertility.


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See also
Infertility and Karyotype
Infertility Support Groups in Kenya
Infertility Doctors in Ct