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Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Options include intrauterine insemination (also known as IUI) or IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (also known as ICSI).

GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer).  Like IVF, these procedures involve retrieving an egg, combining it with sperm in a lab, and then transferring it back to your body. S. women, or 6% of the married population 15 to 44 years of age, reported infertility, and 6. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. In vitro fertilization (IVF). In this technique, your doctor places into your uterus that were fertilized in a dish. 37,38 The addition of 1,500 to 1,700 mg of metformin (Glucophage) daily may increase ovulation and pregnancy rates, but it does not significantly improve live birth rates over clomiphene alone. Each country has its own body or bodies responsible for the inspection and licensing of fertility treatment under the EU Tissues and Cells directive [78] Regulatory bodies are also found in Canada [79] and in the state of Victoria in Australia [80] See also[edit] [edit] Inhorn MC (2003). "Global infertility and the globalization of new reproductive technologies: illustrations from Egypt".

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Laparoscopy for Cryptorchidism. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1980. Search dates: January 6, 2014; January 28, 2014; February 5, 2014; and November 18, 2014. It involves removing eggs from the ovary of a donor who has taken fertility drugs. In contrast, anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Fertilizing Capacity of Epididymal and Testicular Sperm using Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). (PDF, 7 MB)Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 1995. Abnormalities of sperm may be treated with gonadotropin therapy, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization.

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A prolactin level of more than 150 mcg/L suggests a pituitary adenoma, while levels greater than 300 mcg/L are nearly diagnostic. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979.

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The corollary to this is that, by definition, failure to conceive in women under 35 isn't regarded with the same urgency as it is in those over 35. A woman with a suspicion of chronic anovulation most probably due to polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome, as there is a long history of irregular cycles and clinical presentation with hirsutism, her serum levels of testosterone hormone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dihydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA), dihydroepiandrostenedione-sulfate (DHEAS) and prolactin should be evaluated to prove the provisional diagnosis and to detect the source of excess androgens. Investigations Infertile couples are usually adviced to start their investigations after 12 months of trying to conceive or after 6 months if the female partner is more than 35 years old or immediately if there is an obvious cause for their infertility or subfertility [16]. Microsurgical Reversal of Tubal Sterilization: Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rate, with Long-term Follow-up. (PDF, 2 MB) Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1984. The male phenotype proves that androgen was present in utero. You can find much more information about your privacy choices in our privacy policy. 18  If the semen analysis result is abnormal, further evaluation is indicated (Table 36–8,10,19,20). New Treatment for Infertility Due to Congenital Absence of Vas Deferens. (PDF, 1 MB) The Lancet, 1987. It is further sub-divided into primary and secondary sterility.