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Ovarian Transplantation between Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Premature Ovarian Failure. (PDF, 315 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2005. Because 85% of couples conceive spontaneously within 12 months if having intercourse regularly,5 it is important to identify those who will benefit from infertility evaluation. Although CASA produces good qualitative data, it is a labor-intensive procedure with a high initial cost and is plagued with inaccuracies when sperm concentrations are very high or very low.

Medicines are usually given to the woman first to increase the number of eggs she releases. Several studies have demonstrated that an increase in BMI is correlated with a decrease in sperm concentration, a decrease in motility and an increase DNA damage in sperm.

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It involves removing eggs from the ovary of a donor who has taken fertility drugs. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Today: A Personal Review. (PDF, 5 MB) Human Reproduction, 1998. Celiac disease A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertility. Dealing with Fertility Problems After Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 7 MB) Contemporary OB/GYN, 1978. For example, polycystic ovarian syndrome is when the eggs only partially developed within the ovary and there is an excess of male hormones. The cervical mucus changes consistency during the ovulatory cycle, being most hospitable and easily penetrated at mid cycle.

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Histology reveals seminiferous tubules lined by Sertoli cells and a normal interstitium, although no germ cells are present. Other causes may include: Genetic factors: A man should have an X and Y chromosome. Ovulation often can be detected by keeping a menstrual calendar or using an ovulation predictor kit. It is increasingly recognized that egg quality is of critical importance and women of advanced maternal age have eggs of reduced capacity for normal and successful fertilization.

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Tumors Cancers and nonmalignant tumors can affect the male reproductive organs directly, through the glands that release hormones related to reproduction, such as the pituitary gland, or through unknown causes. The eggs may never be released or they may only be released in some cycles. Infection and Disease: Mumps, tuberculosis, brucellosis, gonorrhea, typhoid, influenza, smallpox, and syphilis can cause testicular atrophy.  A low sperm count and low sperm motility are indicators of this condition.  Also, elevated FSH levels and other hormonal problems are indicative of testicular damage.  Some STDs like gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause infertility by blocking the epididimis or tubes.  These conditions are usually treated by hormonal replacement therapy and surgery in the case of tubular blockage. The volume provides clear guidelines and a logical sequence of steps which will quickly lead the clinician or physician to an accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of infertility. Other medical techniques are e.g. tuboplasty, assisted hatching, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. For women, being underweight and having extremely low amounts of body fat are associated with ovarian dysfunction and infertility and they have a higher risk for preterm birth. These time intervals would seem to be reversed; this is an area where public policy trumps science. The use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction in premenopausal women is controversial due to the possibility of fetal toxicity and fetal malformations raised by one abstract. [172] However, 2 subsequent publications have shown no evidence of fetal malformations with the letrozole and no difference in birthweight compared with spontaneous conceptions. [173, 174] Furthermore, based on the half-life of each drug, administration in the early follicular phase should result in clearance of the aromatase inhibitors before implantation takes place.