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Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility may be a result of some conditions that affect the quality of sperm, lead to low sperm production (oligospermia), or lead to the absence of sperm production (azoospermia). However, these tests have only poor to moderate predictive value despite widespread use. Role of Epididymis in Sperm Maturation. (PDF, 3 MB) Urology, 1989. There is still some controversy about their existence, but if the discoveries are true, this could mean a new treatment for infertility.[71] Stem cell therapy is really new, and everything is still under investigation. Myotonic dystrophy This is an autosomal dominant defect in the dystrophin gene that causes a delay in muscle relaxation after contraction.

Round Spermatid Injection. (PDF, 422 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2000. Other infectious diseases that may affect fertility include tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, malaria, schistosomiasis and leprosy. Some couples experience pressure from society, parents and family, who expect that they wish to have children. Primary infertility is when a couple has not conceived after trying for at least 12 months without using birth control Secondary infertility is when they have previously conceived but are no longer able to. Luttjeboer F, Harada T, Hughes E, Johnson N, Lilford R, Mol BW.

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Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. Abnormalities of sperm may be treated with gonadotropin therapy, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization. This abnormality is usually surgically corrected in infancy.

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PID can damage and scar the fallopian tubes, making it virtually impossible for an egg to travel down into the womb. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L, Galletley C, Norman RJ. Its treatment depends on the etiologic factor, but, in many instances, the underlying cause remains unknown.

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Teratozoospermia is when there are a large number of sperms with abnormal morphology. This mucus mainly affects the lungs, but males may also have a missing or obstructed vas deferens. Treatment Treatment will depend on many factors, including the age of the person who wishes to conceive, how long the infertility has lasted, personal preferences, and their general state of health. The woman is instructed to measures her body temperature every morning as soon as she wakes up, before she gets out of bed or before she eats or drinks anything. Pregnancies after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Twelve months is the lower reference limit for Time to Pregnancy (TTP) by the World Health Organization.[7] a woman over 35 has not conceived after six months of contraceptive-free sexual intercourse. Medical management: - Men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism should be offered gonadotrophin drugs. - Men with idiopathic semen abnormalities should not be offered anti-oestrogens, gonadotrophins, androgens, bromocriptine or kinin-enhancing drugs. Infrequent and light menstruation occurs in about 40% of women with ovulatory dysfunction. Gonadotrophins for idiopathic male factor subfertility. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress!