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Renal failure and thrombosis can occur if the patient is not treated correctly. [195] Some patients have a greater risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Follicle-stimulating hormone (Gonal-F, Bravelle): This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland that controls estrogen production by the ovaries. Sperm motility Motility is described as the percent of sperm present with flagellar motion viewed on a bright-field or phase-contrast microscope. A Modern Approach to Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Serono Symposia, Insights Into Infertility Newsletter, 1997. Sperm or egg donation: If necessary, sperm or eggs can be received from a donor. After ruling out female infertility concerns, tests for male infertility may be needed.

Surprisingly, most patients have normal libido, erections, and orgasms, so testosterone therapy has only a limited role; exogenous testosterone may also suppress any underlying sperm production. 8 Couples with unexplained infertility may want to consider another year of intercourse before moving to more costly and invasive therapies, such as assisted reproductive technology. Sperm or egg donation: If necessary, sperm or eggs can be received from a donor. Treatment Treatment will depend on many factors, including the age of the person who wishes to conceive, how long the infertility has lasted, personal preferences, and their general state of health.

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Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor semen quality: a case-referent study. Varicoceles are generally asymptomatic, and most men with varicoceles do not have infertility or testicular atrophy. Treatment[edit] Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, but may include counselling, fertility treatments, which include in vitro fertilization.

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When a man ejaculates and releases semen through the penis, the seminal fluid, or semen, helps transport the sperm toward the egg. Hysteroscopy can also be combined with laparoscopy when necessary.

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41 Treatment of Unexplained Infertility Jump to section + Couples who have no identified cause of infertility should be counseled on timing of intercourse for the most fertile period (i.e., the six days preceding ovulation). There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility? Prolonged estrus may be caused by ovarian cysts that produce estrogen, functional ovarian tumors, or exogenous estrogens (including human transdermal hormone replacement therapy). Choose a single article, issue, or full-access subscription. Judaism and Repoductive Technology. (PDF, 160 KB) 2003. These include: Reduced hemorrhaging, which reduces the chance of needing a blood transfusion.[11][12] Smaller incision, which reduces pain and shortens recovery time, as well as resulting in less post-operative scarring.[12][13][14] Less pain, leading to less pain medication needed.[15][14] Although procedure times are usually slightly longer, hospital stay is less, and often with a same day discharge which leads to a faster return to everyday living.[13][16] Reduced exposure of internal organs to possible external contaminants thereby reduced risk of acquiring infections.[6] There are more indications for laparoscopic surgery in gastrointestinal emergencies as the field develops.[17] Although laparoscopy in adult age group is widely accepted, its advantages in pediatric age group is questioned.[18][19] Benefits of laparoscopy appears to recede with younger age. Surgical Management of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Chapter 12 from textbook, Male Infertility, 1992. Ovulation of the egg occurs approximately 2 weeks before the start of the next period. Start now with 1,000+ free video lectures given by award-winning educators!Global infertility guidelines: Strategy for development and dissemination Generating practice guidelines The revision and updating of the “WHO global Guidelines for infertility diagnosis, management and interventions for treatment” (1992) and the WHO manual for the investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple” (1993) was initiated in January 2012. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome The ovaries can swell, leak excess fluid into the body, and produce too many follicles, the small fluid sacs in which an egg develops. 41 Treatment of Unexplained Infertility Jump to section + Couples who have no identified cause of infertility should be counseled on timing of intercourse for the most fertile period (i.e., the six days preceding ovulation). Instruments can be introduced through the hysteroscope, allowing the surgeon to remove or correct any anatomic abnormalities.