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7 million women reported impaired ability to get pregnant or carry a baby to term. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. Risk factors for male infertility include obesity, age (over 40 -- yes, men also have biological clocks), current or previous infection of an STD, smoking, or excessive drinking. Alkalinizing the urine before the procedure is necessary. Risk factors Risk factors that increase the risk include: Smoking significantly increases your risk of infertility Age: The ability to conceive starts to fall around the age of 32 years. Role of Semen Analysis in Subfertile Couples. (PDF, 250 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2010.

Large submucosal uterine fibroids may make the uterus' cavity bigger, increasing the distance the sperm has to travel. For example, polycystic ovarian syndrome is when the eggs only partially developed within the ovary and there is an excess of male hormones. Testicular neoplasia, commonly producing estrogen, usually causes infertility. Minimal Ovarian Stimulation (mini-IVF) for IVF Utilizing Vitrification and Cryopreserved Embryo Transfer. (PDF, 406 KB) Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2010. Tubal catheterisation or cannulation: - With proximal tubal obstruction, selective salpingography plus tubal catheterisation, or hysteroscopic tubal cannulation, may be treatment options. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality.

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The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998. Some medications increase the risk of fertility problems in men. The Disappearing Y Chromosome – “I Told You So!” (PDF, 266 KB) Human Reproduction, 1997. Previous pelvic surgeries involving the fallopian tubes can also increase your chances of infertility. If you’ve been diagnosed with infertility, or fear you may have trouble conceiving in the future, you’re not alone.

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For example, 10 to 15 percent of untreated chlamydia cases will lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Several studies have demonstrated that an increase in BMI is correlated with a decrease in sperm concentration, a decrease in motility and an increase DNA damage in sperm.

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Women with anovulation may be treated in the primary care setting with clomiphene to induce ovulation. In patients with varicocele, there is insufficient evidence to suggest corrective surgery will increase live birth rates, despite improvement in semen analysis results. Metformin (Glucophage): If Clomifene is not effective, metformin may help women with PCOS, especially when linked to insulin resistance. Pregnancy with Sperm Aspiration from the Proximal Head of the Epididymis: A New Treatment for Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1988. Many health conditions can make it hard to get pregnant. In order to perform ICSI, an egg is held via a small suction pipette, while one sperm is injected into that egg using a very fine glass needle. Psychological/Physical/Behavioral Problems: Several sexual problems exist that can affect male fertility.  These problems are most often both psychological and physical in nature:  it is difficult to separate the physiological and physical components.