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Men who are underweight tend to have lower sperm concentrations than those who are at a normal BMI. This is called luteinised unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS). For example, polycystic ovarian syndrome is when the eggs only partially developed within the ovary and there is an excess of male hormones. Long-term Economic Benefits Attributed to IVF-conceived Children: A Lifetime Tax Calculation. (PDF, 225 KB) The American Journal of Managed Care, 2008. Dealing with Fertility Problems After Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 7 MB) Contemporary OB/GYN, 1978. Pretesticular causes of infertility Pretesticular causes of infertility include congenital or acquired diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or peripheral organs that alter the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal-F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole. Ovulation should be documented by serum progesterone level measurement at cycle day 21. What decreases a man’s chance of impregnating a woman? A low testosterone level with a low FSH level signals a secondary cause. An evaluation by a physician is the only way to sort it out. Antibodies that attack sperm Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and attempt to eliminate them.

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Successful Pregnancy and Delivery after Calcium Ionophore Oocyte Activation in a Normozoospermic Patient with Previous Failed Fertilization after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 57 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2003. There may be testicular malformations, hormone imbalance, or blockage of the man's duct system.

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Three regions have been described, called azoospermic factors a, b, and c (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc).[24] These deletions are observed in 3-19% of patients with idiopathic infertility and 6-14% of patients with oligospermia, although up to 7% of patients with other known causes of infertility may also be found to have a deletion. A man’s age significantly affects coital frequency and sexual function. The Effect of Female Age and Ovarian Reserve on Pregnancy Rate in Male Infertility: Treatment of Azoospermia with Sperm Retrieval and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 66 KB) Human Reproduction, 1997. Techniques for the Resolution of Testicular Obstruction. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 78 from textbook, Reconstructive Urology, 1992. In some cases, hormonal problems may be suspected if a man has abnormal hair growth, low libido, or other indications of sexual dysfunction.

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8 Evaluation of Men Jump to section + Causes of male infertility include infection, injury, toxin exposures, anatomic variances, chromosomal abnormalities, systemic diseases, and sperm antibodies. Testis Biopsy and the Infertile Male. (PDF, 20 MB) Chapter 15 from textbook Office Andrology, 2005. Your doctor may suggest that you take gonadotropin if you have unexplained infertility or when other kinds of treatment haven't helped you get pregnant. The sperm can either be mixed with the eggs to allow normal fertilization (conventional insemination) or by injecting one sperm into each mature egg (ICSI). If you and your partner agree, extra embryos can be frozen and saved to use later. Cervical surgery can sometimes cause scarring or shortening of the cervix. A history and physical examination can help direct the evaluation. Primary infertility is when a couple has not conceived after trying for at least 12 months without using birth control Secondary infertility is when they have previously conceived but are no longer able to. In men, exposure to lead can reduce both sex drive and sperm count. Infertility and Impaired Fecundity in the United States, 1982-2010: Data from the National Survey of Family Growth. Renal Transplantation Between Adults and Children. (PDF, 1 MB) Journal of the American Medical Association, 1974.