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No role for: Post-coital testing for cervical mucous. Endometrial Biopsy. Pregnancies after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Vasoepididymostomy to the Head of the Epididymis: Recovery of Normal Spermatozoal Motility. (PDF, 3 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1980.

Human menopausal gonadotropins Crowe discovered that the gonads were under the control of the anterior hypophysis. [175] Zondek and Aschheim discovered that FSH and LH were responsible for the development of the gonads in immature animals and confirmed Crowe's work. [135, 136] In the 1930s, ovulation induction was attempted by using gonadotropins from a mare, but its use was discontinued because of the development of antibodies. [176, 177] Borth et al demonstrated the effect of FSH and LH extracted from menopausal urine. [178, 179] Gemzell reported the first ovulation induction using human pituitary gonadotropin in 1958, and the first pregnancy was reported in 1960. [180, 181] Lunenfeld reported preliminary results using hMG; however, in 1963, it was definitely established as a real ovulation induction agent. [182, 183, 184] Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG [eg, Repronex, Menopur]) contains 75 U of FSH and 75 U of LH per mL, although the concentration may vary among batches (ranges from FSH at 60-90 U and LH at 60-120 U). 9 Because anxiety over infertility may cause increased stress and decreased libido, further compounding the problem, formal counseling is encouraged for couples experiencing infertility. It delivers a constant supply of Gn-RH to the pituitary gland, which alters the production of hormone, allowing the doctor to induce follicle growth with FSH. If he has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome, as in Klinefelter's syndrome, the testicles will develop abnormally and there will be low testosterone and a low sperm count or no sperm. The sperm can either be mixed with the eggs to allow normal fertilization (conventional insemination) or by injecting one sperm into each mature egg (ICSI). Abnormal head shapes are described as tapered, duplicated, small, large, amorphous, or pyriform.

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Advantages[edit] There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an open procedure. Congenital disorders and chryptorchidism (undescended testicles).

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Epidemiology[edit] Prevalence of infertility varies depending on the definition, i.e. on the time span involved in the failure to conceive. Surgical sperm aspiration: The sperm is removed from part of the male reproductive tract, such as the vas deferens, testicle, or epididymis. 22 Treatment of Male Infertility Jump to section + Underlying etiology determines the therapeutic course, although male infertility is unexplained in 40% to 50% of cases. Laparoscopy for Cryptorchidism. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1980. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Long-term use of aspirin or ibuprofen may make it harder to conceive. In those with azoospermia and a varicocele, sperm may appear after repair in up to one third, but most of these men return to an azoospermic state within a few months.

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I cannot stress enough how amazing this staff is, they make you feel like family! Results of one study investigating a cohort of 315 men revealed changes within the hinge region of SF-1 and no rare allelic variants in fertile control men. If you suspect you are infertile, see your doctor. Happily, many couples treated for infertility go on to have babies. A defect in any of these sperm structures may result in infertility that will not be detected by semen analysis.[60] Antisperm antibodies cause immune infertility.[23][24] Cystic fibrosis can lead to infertility in men. Pregnancy After Testicular Transplant: Importance of Treating the Couple. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1980. Female factor Dysfunction of the female reproductive organs is also apparent in around 40% of infertile couples. Sex any other time, even the next day after ovulation, will not result in conception. “We generally advise couples to seek fertility evaluations if they are unable to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse,” says Lawrence Ross, MD, president of the American Urological Association. In patients with varicocele, there is insufficient evidence to suggest corrective surgery will increase live birth rates, despite improvement in semen analysis results. In these methods, fertilization occurs inside the body. About 25% of all infertility is caused by an ovulation disorder. Treatment is with exogenous gonadotropins and iron-chelating therapy. Normal fertility is observed in three fourths of patients with unilateral mumps orchitis and in one third of patients in bilateral orchitis. Intrauterine insemination. For this procedure, after semen gets rinsed with a special solution, a doctor places it into your uterus when you're ovulating. Individual tests evaluate only one aspect of a quality necessary for fertility and do not imply the ability or inability to achieve conception (see the Table in the Procedures section).


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See also
Infertility Endocrine Profile
Infertility and Loneliness
Review Article on Infertility