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In order to accomplish this, the semen is washed with a solution safe to sperm and eggs, and then centrifuged to separate motile sperm from immotile sperm and other cells. Patients who do not achieve ovulation after three to six cycles should be referred to an infertility specialist for further treatment. These adverse effects were reported in older women with advanced breast cancer who were given the drugs on a daily basis over several months.

Maternal age Infertility due to age is one of the most common causes of female infertility. Duration of Fertility after Fresh and Frozen Ovary Transplantation. (PDF, 606 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2010. Other conditions that affect the quality and quantity of sperm include: Primary testicular failure. If there is a history of recurrent miscarriages (2 or more) a lupus anticoagulant (LAC) and anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACL) are often done, as well as other tests. The uterine cavity is distended with a gas or liquid, and the hysteroscope is introduced into the uterine cavity which can then be carefully inspected.

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A high serum estradiol level (greater than 60 to 80 pg per mL [220 to 294 pmol per L]) in conjunction with a normal FSH level has also been associated with lower pregnancy rates. Some causes are more common in some countries than others, such as pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Africa [10]. Treatment of tubal obstruction generally requires referral for subspecialty care. Many infertile couples have had some previous assessment for their infertility and this data should be cautiously reviewed. In many cases, there are tests that can help find the cause(s) of male infertility.

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Less common factors The following other factors may also be responsible for infertility in a smaller proportion of cases: • Genetic abnormalities within eggs, sperm or both • An abnormal uterine cavity, including the presence of fibroids or polyps • Immunological infertility, whereby either the male or female partner produces anti-bodies against sperm cells or implantation of an embryo • Abnormal cervical mucus which hinders the passage of sperm to the uterus and fallopian tubes Unexplained infertility Even when investigations have been extensive, some couples will have no reason with which to explain their infertility. Semm published over 1000 papers in various journals.[4] He also produced over 30 endoscopic films and more than 20,000 colored slides to teach and inform interested colleagues about his technique. Other causes may include: Genetic factors: A man should have an X and Y chromosome.

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In general, patients only notice that there is a problem once they have started trying to conceive. Semen analysis: A sample may be taken to test for sperm concentration, motility, color, quality, any infections, and whether any blood is present. Judaism and Repoductive Technology. (PDF, 160 KB) 2003. Cystic fibrosis: This is a chronic disease that results in the creation of a sticky mucus. Age plays quite a critical role, as fertility peaks for both men and women in their mid-twenties.