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Semen and sperm Sometimes the sperm cannot travel effectively to meet the egg. Demographic definitions of infertility An inability of those of reproductive age (15-49 years) to become or remain pregnant within five years of exposure to pregnancy. (DHS2) An inability to become pregnant with a live birth, within five years of exposure based upon a consistent union status, lack of contraceptive use, non-lactating and maintaining a desire for a child. (Trends in prevalence4). However, there are various scenarios where one may be advised to seek help earlier.

However, if the woman has previously been pregnant, regardless of the outcome (which may have been a premature or full-term delivery, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion or ectopic pregnancy), and is now unable to conceive, it is considered secondary infertility. It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability.[22] Causes[edit] Immune infertility[edit] Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.[23] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo.

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It's sometimes done while you're taking meds that help trigger the release of an egg. Bhaskar Dutta/Photoshare Clinical definitions Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.”… (WHO-ICMART glossary1). “Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. As in the case of sterility, the process will get under way right away in those cases where there is a background of reproduction issues. Your doctor may suggest that you take gonadotropin if you have unexplained infertility or when other kinds of treatment haven't helped you get pregnant. 50% are female causes with 25% being due to anovulation and 25% tubal problems/other.[74] In Sweden, approximately 10% of couples wanting children are infertile.[75] In approximately one third of these cases the man is the factor, in one third the woman is the factor, and in the remaining third the infertility is a product of factors on both parts.

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Mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Gene in Patients with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens. (PDF, 5 MB) New England Journal of Medicine, 1995. Erectile dysfunction, vaginismus (painful involuntary spasm of vagina preventing intercourse) and dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse) can explain involuntary childlessness in some couples. Anabolic steroids: Popular with bodybuilders and athletes, long-term use can seriously reduce sperm count and mobility. Isolated FSH deficiency This is a very rare cause of infertility.

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Oocyte Vitrification – Women’s Emancipation Set in Stone. (PDF, 70 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2008. Unexplained infertility[edit] In the US, up to 20% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility.[61] In these cases abnormalities are likely to be present but not detected by current methods. 7 million women reported impaired ability to get pregnant or carry a baby to term. Fertilizing Capacity of Epididymal and Testicular Sperm with ICSI. (PDF, 5 MB) Frontiers in Endocrinology, 1995. If the sperm are of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovulation induction maybe used. Patients with less than of 14% normal forms had a substantially reduced success rate. Additionally, multiple pregnancies cumulatively occur after ovarian stimulation.