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There are different studies, for both women and men.[69] Spermatogonial stem cells trasplant: it takes places in the seminiferous tubule. Women in group III can conceive only with oocyte donation and in vitro fertilization. The emotional toll on both partners can affect their relationship. The easiest and most successful treatment is intrauterine insemination (IUI). [104] Similar treatments apply when oligospermia, hypospermia, and ejaculatory disorders such as impotence, hypospadias, or retrograde ejaculation are present. [105, 106, 107] Patients with azoospermia that is not amenable to in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment benefit from artificial insemination (AI) with donor sperm. [108] Artificial insemination can be performed by depositing the sperm at the cervical level (cervical insemination) [106] or inside the endometrial cavity (intrauterine insemination). In many instances, more than one hysteroscopy is required for total resection.

The following is a list of hormonal disorders which can disrupt male infertility: Hyperprolactinemia: Elevated prolactin--a hormone associated with nursing mothers, is found in 10 to 40 percent of infertile males.  Mild elevation of prolactin levels produces no symptoms, but greater elevations of the hormone reduces sperm production, reduces libido and may cause impotence.  This condition responds well to the drug Parlodel (bromocriptine). Clinical diagnostic testing for the cytogenetic and molecular causes of male infertility: the Mayo Clinic experience. Dr Freundl from the University of Heidelberg suggests that tests which use LH as a reference often lack sensitivity and specificity.[13] Classification[edit] The World Health Organization criteria for classification of anovulation include the determination of oligomenorrhea (menstrual cycle >35 days) or amenorrea (menstrual cycle > 6 months) in combination with concentration of prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2).

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Cervical insemination has almost been abandoned because of its low success and has been relegated only to cases in which the sperm count is normal, such as in artificial insemination using donor sperm or if the sample has elevated white cells. If it stays in there, complications can develop, such as the rupture of the fallopian tube.

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Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal-F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole. Successful Pregnancy after Microsurgical Transplantation of an Intact Ovary. (PDF, 438 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2008.

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Microscopic Vasovasostomy and Spermatogenesis. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1977. Unlike female infertility (where irregular periods may hint at a problem), obvious symptoms are not common with male infertility. These include: Infrequent menstrual periods: When a woman has regular menstrual periods, defined as regular cycles occurring every 21 to 35 days, this almost always indicates that she ovulates regularly. Not getting pregnant The primary sign of infertility is not getting pregnant after trying for a certain length of time. Coutifaris C, Myers ER, Guzick DS, et al.; NICHD National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network. Patients have eunuchoidal body habitus, large testis, and a low ejaculatory volume. Rarely, a blood clot may develop in an artery or vein, liver or kidney problems can arise, and respiratory distress may develop. Previous sterilization treatment: In women who have chosen to have their fallopian tubes blocked, the process can be reversed, but the chances of becoming fertile again are not high. Only 5-10% of these couples eventually achieve a pregnancy within 5 years. An ultrasound scan can detect an ectopic pregnancy. Microsurgery in Clinical Urology. (PDF, 5 MB) Urology, 1975. The CC response is monitored using pelvic ultrasonography starting on menstrual cycle day 12. Surgical Management of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Chapter 12 from textbook, Male Infertility, 1992. Choice of infertility treatment often related to issues of efficacy, cost, ease of use or administration, and its side effects. Embryo Development after ICSI Using Testicular, Epididymal and Ejaculated Spermatozoa. (PDF, 2 MB) Frontiers in Endocrinology, 1995.