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Summary Infertility is a significant medical and social problem affecting couple worldwide. It is a sensitive issue that should be handled with great care with continuous professional counselling. Most young couples will conceive naturally within 2 years. Evaluation of both partners for causes is essential. Treatment depends on the cause, and varies from medical treatment to surgery to ART. The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998. Tests and trials are available, but testing does not always reveal a specific cause. In 1985, Erich Mühe performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This process has revolutionized assisted reproductive technology and the way reproductive endocrinologists can help people in having a baby.

Prior to Mühe, the only specialty performing laparoscopy on a widespread basis was gynecology, mostly for relatively short, simple procedures such as a diagnostic laparoscopy or tubal ligation. Some diseases: Conditions that are sometimes linked to lower fertility in males are anemia, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, and thyroid disease.

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This produces a sensation of pain that may extend to the patient's shoulders. For those interested, we offer a free class entitled, “The Couple’s Guide to IVF”, that meets twice monthly and is open to the public. Physical Problems A variety of physical problems can cause male infertility.  These problems either interfere with the sperm production process or disrupt the pathway down which sperm travel from the testes to the tip of the penis.  These problems are usually characterized by a low sperm count and/or abnormal sperm morphology.  The following is a list of the most common physical problems that cause male infertility: Variocoele: A varicocele is an enlargement of the internal spermatic veins that drain blood from the testicle to the abdomen (back to the heart) and are present in 15% of the general male population and 40% of infertile men.  These images show what a variocoele looks like externally and internally.  A varicocele develops when the one way valves in these spermatic veins are damaged causing an abnormal back flow of blood from the abdomen into the scrotum creating a hostile environment for sperm development.  Varicocoeles may cause reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm morphology which cause infertility.  Variococles can usually be diagnosed by a physical examination of the scrotum which can be aided by the Doppler stethoscope and scrotal ultrasound.  Varicocoele can be treated in many ways (see treatment section), but the most successful treatments involve corrective surgery. Medicamentous Induction of Ovulation Ovulation inductors are used for dysfunctions in the hypophyseal-hypothalamic area. Medical management: - Ovarian suppression of minimal and mild endometriosis diagnosed as the cause of infertility in women does not enhance fertility and should not be offered. Cervical surgery can also sometimes cause scarring or shorten the neck of the womb (the cervix).

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Laboratory studies have suggested that long-term acetaminophen use during pregnancy may affect fertility in males by lowering testosterone production. You take gonadotropins that trigger the development of more than one egg. A lower concentration may lead to a lower chance for conception without treatment; 3) sperm motility or movement – a normal motility should be at least 50%. Surgical procedures for women If the fallopian tubes are blocked or scarred, surgical repair may make it easier for eggs to pass through. If they're damaged, it can seriously affect the quality of your semen.

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In humans, infertility is the inability to become pregnant after one year of intercourse without contraception involving a male and female partner.[2] There are many causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat.[3] Estimates from 1997 suggest that worldwide about five percent of all heterosexual couples have an unresolved problem with infertility. Patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism must be treated accordingly. [210, 211] Weight reduction should be part of the treatment because it helps the patient's response to ovulation induction. [212] Treatment of Male Factors Asthenospermia associated with varicocele is treated surgically with varicocelectomy or with embolization of the spermatic veins. Extra Renal Function in Patients with Duplication Anomaly: Obligatory and Compensatory Renal Growth. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1974. The farther from the scrotum, and the longer duration that the testicle resides outside the scrotum, the greater the likelihood of infertility. S. women, or 6% of the married population 15 to 44 years of age, reported infertility, and 6. Requirements for Female Fertility One of the requirements for female fertility is a functioning reproductive anatomy and physiology.