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Other causes of ovulation disorders include ovarian insufficiency and hypothalamic amenorrhea. 8,33,35,36 Lastly, in vitro fertilization, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, is the mainstay of assisted reproductive technology for male factor infertility.

Physical Problems A variety of physical problems can cause male infertility.  These problems either interfere with the sperm production process or disrupt the pathway down which sperm travel from the testes to the tip of the penis.  These problems are usually characterized by a low sperm count and/or abnormal sperm morphology.  The following is a list of the most common physical problems that cause male infertility: Variocoele: A varicocele is an enlargement of the internal spermatic veins that drain blood from the testicle to the abdomen (back to the heart) and are present in 15% of the general male population and 40% of infertile men.  These images show what a variocoele looks like externally and internally.  A varicocele develops when the one way valves in these spermatic veins are damaged causing an abnormal back flow of blood from the abdomen into the scrotum creating a hostile environment for sperm development.  Varicocoeles may cause reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm morphology which cause infertility.  Variococles can usually be diagnosed by a physical examination of the scrotum which can be aided by the Doppler stethoscope and scrotal ultrasound.  Varicocoele can be treated in many ways (see treatment section), but the most successful treatments involve corrective surgery. Medications, treatments, and drugs Some drugs can affect fertility in a woman.

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Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a procedure called embryo transfer. Thyroid problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid gland can lead to a hormonal imbalance. Thus those who repeatedly spontaneously miscarry or whose pregnancy results in a stillbirth, or following a previous pregnancy or a previous ability to do so, are then not unable to carry a pregnancy to a live birth would present with secondarily infertile. (Trends in prevalence4).WHO manual for the standardized investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple This concise 1993 volume proposes a standardized approach to the investigation of infertility. Seventy-five percent of patients have testicular atrophy and primary testicular failure due to degeneration of the seminiferous tubules. Analyses of the CFTR Gene in 67 Patients. (PDF, 4 MB) The American Journal of Human Genetics, 1995. In this case, your doctor may recommend advanced fertility treatment — assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatment.

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These pyramids are filled with the seminiferous tubules. These and many other questions will help your physician design a specific evaluation and potential treatment for you.

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Today, many patients do not receive the recommended medical care that based on the best available evidence [5]. The prevalence varies widely, being less in developed countries and more in developing countries where limited resources for investigation and treatment are available [2]. 6 The initial history should cover menstrual history, timing and frequency of intercourse, previous use of contraception, previous pregnancies and outcomes, pelvic infections, medication use, occupational exposures, substance abuse, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and previous surgery on reproductive organs. The woman may be given a low dose of ovary stimulating hormones. Often, varicoceles or past infections such as mumps orchitis are the cause of sterility. Cholesterol One study has found that high cholesterol levels may have an impact on fertility in women. Metformin (Glucophage): If Clomifene is not effective, metformin may help women with PCOS, especially when linked to insulin resistance. Possible reasons for abnormal semen include: a lack of sperm – you may have a very low sperm count or no sperm at all sperm that aren't moving properly – this will make it harder for sperm to swim to the egg abnormal sperm – sperm can sometimes be an abnormal shape, making it harder for them to move and fertilise an egg Many cases of abnormal semen are unexplained.