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Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) usually results from taking medications to stimulate the ovaries, such as clomifene and gonadotrophins. FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells to facilitate sperm production, while LH stimulates testosterone release from the Leydig cells. Urinary monitoring of the LH surge (eg, with an LH Predictor Kit) can be a substitute for BBT. Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. Continued First, sperm are collected either from ejaculated semen or by a needle from the testicle.

PDF Articles by Decade: 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s ARTICLES FROM THE 1970s Active Lupus Glomerulitis and Hematoxylin Bodies with Normal Urinalysis. (PDF, 5 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1971. Ovulation disorders appear to be the most common cause of infertility in women.

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An ultrasonography unit and an endocrine laboratory capable of performing daily determinations of E2, FSH, and LH are necessary. [186, 187, 188, 189] Multiple adverse effects and complications may occur during the use of the gonadotropins, including (1) multiple pregnancy (24-33%), (2) ectopic pregnancy (5-8%), (3) miscarriages (15-21%), (4) ovarian torsion and rupture, and (5) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which is the most severe. [190, 191] Whittemore et al, using a large combined data set derived from case-controlled studies in the United States, showed that the increase of ovarian cancer associated with infertility might be due to the use of fertility drugs. [192] Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an iatrogenic condition that occurs in patients undergoing ovulation induction with hMG or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for assisted reproductive technologies. Duration of Fertility after Fresh and Frozen Ovary Transplantation. (PDF, 606 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2010. In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection.

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6,23 Anovulatory women should have further investigation to determine treatable causes such as thyroid disorders or hyperprolactinemia based on symptoms. Retrograde ejaculation: Sperm can be taken directly from the bladder and injected into an egg in the laboratory. Once confirmed, the male partner is referred to a reproductive urologist, especially if the abnormality is severe.

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Ultrastructure of Human Sperm in Men with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens: Clinical Implications. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1992. If necessary, they refer patients to a fertility clinic or local hospital for more specialized tests. By 2014, over 5 million people had been born after being conceived through IVF. Adverse effects of metformin include GI intolerance, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Normal Intrauterine Pregnancy After Reversal of Tubal Sterilization in the Wife and Vasectomy in the Husband.(PDF, 1 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1978. Factors contributing to the formation of antisperm antibodies in women are disturbance of normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, infection, violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes, rape and unprotected oral or anal sex. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. Finding out that you're infertile can be an unpleasant surprise, to say the least. “Many men feel emotional stress with a diagnosis of infertility,” says Ross. In younger women taking them at lower doses for a short period of time, fewer adverse effects are noted. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) – This test is essential for evaluating fallopian tubal patency, uterine filling defects such as fibroids and polyps, and scarring of the uterine cavity (Asherman syndrome). A woman of reproductive age who has not conceived after 1 year of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse, in the absence of any known cause of infertility. The Disappearing Male. (PDF, 1 MB) From Towards Reproductive Certainty, 1999. Testing for Men In the case of men, a general physical examination will be performed, with discussions concerning medical history, illnesses, disabilities, medications and sexual habits.