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Causes of infertility include male factors, ovulatory dysfunction, uterine abnormalities, tubal obstruction, peritoneal factors, or cervical factors. Nonfunctional pituitary tumors may compress the pituitary stalk or the gonadotropic cells, interrupting the proper chain of signals leading to pituitary failure.

Sperm were inserted into the oocyte (bar = 100 µm). (B) Marmoset blastocysts produced by ICSI. (bar = 100 µm). Before performing a tubocornual anastomosis, the patient should have a diagnostic laparoscopy associated with tubal cannulation by hysteroscopy. [139, 140, 141] If one tube remains open, anastomosis is not needed because pregnancy can be achieved in 50% of cases. In GIFT, the sperm and eggs are mixed together before a doctor inserts them.

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Options for Male Infertility Treatment Some causes of male infertility are treatable or correctable through surgery. Abnormal sperm: The sperm may have an unusual shape, making it harder to move and fertilize an egg.

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For patients with a history of endometriosis, pelvic infections, or ectopic pregnancy, evaluation with hysteroscopy or laparoscopy is recommended. IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Is Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas Deferens a Primary Form of Cystic Fibrosis? The sperm is washed in a fluid and the best specimens are selected. If it stays in there, complications can develop, such as the rupture of the fallopian tube. These patients are often tall and severely oligospermic or azoospermic.

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The medicalization of infertility has unwittingly led to a disregard for the emotional responses that couples experience, which include distress, loss of control, stigmatization, and a disruption in the developmental trajectory of adulthood.[16] Infertility may have psychological effects. However, some have suggested that patients should avoid conception for 6 months to 2 years after completion of radiation therapy because of the possibility of chromosomal aberrations in their sperm caused by the mutagenic properties of radiation therapy. Disorders of sexual differentiation result in infertility (eg, hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism). The procedure is performed in an outpatient setting in the vast majority of cases, and recovery time can be as little as a few days. As the rate of getting spontaneous pregnancy among infertile or subfertile couples is lower than that among normal fertile population, it is recommended to carry out the following diagnostic, evidence-based, work-up to detect any hidden treatable cause. It is important to tell a doctor if excessive mental and emotional stress develop. The potentials of these systems enhance the possibilities of the mobile medical care with those lightweight assistance systems. Benign prostatic hyperplasia does not affect fertility. Cervical factors are also thought to play a minor role, although they are rarely the sole cause. The procedure is done during the premenstrual phase, approximately 12 days after presumed ovulation to see if the endometrium undergoes expected changes. After fertilization, implantation may then take place in the uterus.