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Infertility and Impaired Fecundity in the United States, 1982-2010: Data from the National Survey of Family Growth. Reducing the risk of multiple pregnancies Injectable fertility drugs can sometimes result in multiple births, for example, twins or triplets. This seems to result in a significant improvement in fertility, although some studies disagree. S. annually, with over 96% of those being performed laparoscopically. Malformations are the primary organic causes of sterility. Although tubal disease was the original indication for IVF, many more indications have developed over the years.

But the sperm in the semen are either abnormal, very low in number, or not there at all. Ovarian Transplantation between Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Premature Ovarian Failure. (PDF, 315 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2005.

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Because ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome does not occur, the patient's response is slow. In those with azoospermia and a varicocele, sperm may appear after repair in up to one third, but most of these men return to an azoospermic state within a few months. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are also associated with extremely low BMI. Search dates: January 6, 2014; January 28, 2014; February 5, 2014; and November 18, 2014. Pregnancy Caused by Sperm from Vasa Efferentia. (PDF, 1 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1988.

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Antisperm antibodies may form when the blood-testis barrier is breached because of infection, vasectomy, testicular torsion, cryptorchidism, or testicular trauma. It was broken down into male and female categories. Mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Gene in Patients with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens. (PDF, 5 MB) New England Journal of Medicine, 1995. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality.

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Hormonal analysis Around 3% of cases of male infertility are estimated to be due primarily to a hormonal cause. There are three main types of fertility treatment: medical treatment (such as ovulation induction therapy); surgical treatment (such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy); and the different assisted reproduction techniques [37]. Controversy exists regarding whether to routinely repair an adolescent varicocele not associated with testicular atrophy. Judaism and Reproductive Technology. (PDF, 2 MB) 2010. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.     To see the full article, log in or purchase access. Graft-versus-host Reactivity and Renal Allograft Survival in Rats Given Allogeneic Spleen Cells or Spleen Allografts.(PDF, 2 MB) Transplantation, 1976. A smaller amount may suggest a structural or hormonal problem leading to deficient semen production; 2) sperm concentration – normal concentration should be at least 20 million sperm per 1 ml of semen. Many countries have special frameworks for dealing with the ethical and social issues around fertility treatment. A Modern View of Male Infertility. (PDF, 7 MB) From The Infertile Male: Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technology, 1994. Role of Epididymis in Sperm Maturation. (PDF, 3 MB) Urology, 1989. Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Prolactinomas or the intakes of dopamine antagonists (typical antipsychotics for example) cause hyperprolactinemia.